中文简体When a rider swaps a battery,Usually completed within 30 secondsIn those 30 seconds, four layers are actually running at the same time: the vehicle's central control unit, the communication terminal inside the battery, the cabinet's control system, and the cloud platform."Vehicle-battery-cabinet-cloud" refers to these four layers; collaboration means these four layers speak with the same protocol and read the same data.
If any one of the four layers is missing, the data chain breaks at that layer. Below we explain what to look at for each of the four layers, and finally bring it together into a judgment method.
What each of the four layers is
Layer | What it is | What it does |
|---|---|---|
Vehicle | Smart central control | Vehicle control, anti-theft, seamless power on/off |
Battery | Battery communication terminal | Positioning, communication, BMS data reporting |
Cabinet | Battery swap cabinet control system | Who performs the battery swap action |
Cloud | Operations Platform | Device monitoring, orders, battery assets, multi-level agents |
Vehicle: what the central control manages is "the vehicle coordinating with battery swapping"
The central control unit looks like an anti-theft component, but it is actually the link that aligns the vehicle with the battery and the cabinet.
At this layer, you need to see whether it can adapt to vehicles with different voltage platforms. The voltage platforms of electric two-wheelers are not unified; 48V, 60V, and 72V all exist. The wide-voltage range of the central control determines how many types of vehicles the same model can be installed on. With a narrow-voltage central control, changing the voltage platform requires changing the hardware.
Take Dochion's DC-325 as an example: 4G smart central control,4G plus GPS/BeiDouDual-modePlus Bluetooth, 12—90V wide-voltage design; functionally, it provides Bluetooth keyless vehicle control, ACC intelligent power on/off, remote vehicle control, and anti-theft locking.The 12—90V specification deserves a separate look, meaning the same central control can be installed on vehicles with different voltage platforms. The same series also includes DC27-CK and DC-301, chosen according to vehicle model and customer needs; the latter focuses on Bluetooth keyless unlocking and keyless power-on.
Battery: why the battery can "speak"
For a battery to "have an identity" in the system, it relies on the communication terminal.For a battery without a terminal, the cabinet cannot read the voltage, temperature, and health status it reports, and can only treat it as a battery of unknown origin.
A terminal generally integrates four things: positioning, communication, BMS data reporting, and remote control. In form, there are handheld external units and built-in square units; the former is easy to install, while the latter saves space and looks neat. Daochong's terminal combines these four —4G, GPS, BeiDou and BMS management, both forms are available;It makes the battery an intelligent unit that can be precisely identified, located, and managed by the system, which battery is in which cabinet, how its health is, and whether there is any abnormality — the data starts being generated here.
The parameters on the battery side must match the cabinet. The standard at the Daochong level isCompatible with 48V／60V／72V, single-compartment load capacity 40kg, charger output range 43—88V.
Cabinet: who inside the cabinet reads and writes the battery
The control system of a battery swap cabinet is generally divided into several parts: compartment control, whole-cabinet detection, charging, display, and fire suppression. The cabinet control manages battery information and cabinet locks; whole-cabinet detection manages cabinet-level status such as electricity meters, water immersion, and access control; the charging system outputs according to commands; display and fire suppression each handle their own part.
At this layer, what matters is not how many blocks there are, but how the blocks divide work among themselves. For example, when a compartment temperature is abnormal, does the compartment control handle it itself, or does it report to the whole cabinet which then issues instructions; are charging parameters given separately for each battery, or is one value used for the whole cabinet. This determines whether a fault stops one compartment or stops an entire cabinet.
The control system of the Daochong battery swap cabinet consists of these five parts: compartment control is responsible for reading battery information, detecting compartment temperature and compartment lock status, detecting fire extinguisher status, controlling unlocking, and configuring charging parameters according to battery conditions; whole-cabinet detection collects meter readings, water immersion, and access control information, and controls the power switches of the cooling fan and charger; the charging system outputs the appropriate voltage and current according to compartment control instructions; the display system is equipped on the Paipai model and runs Android; the fire extinguishing system is in-compartment smoke monitoring plus aerosol automatic fire extinguishing.
Structurally, it is single-compartment single-control, independent MCU: the computation of one compartment does not depend on other compartments, and a problem in one compartment does not affect battery swapping in the rest. Communication uses a 4G IoT card, with secondary development done on the CAT1 module and TCP/IP,Offline rate controlled below 0.3%。
Cloud: the platform is divided into several portals
The difference at the platform layer lies in "who it is for." A single system must serve headquarters, agents, outlets, and riders at the same time. Different roles see different scopes of data—this is the problem that multi-level permissions and "data isolation" must solve. Dochion's platform is divided into six portals:
Terminal | What It Manages |
|---|---|
Master management authority platform | Global management, view devices and orders |
Independent agent management platform | Multi-level agents operate independently, with data isolation |
Battery Swap Cabinet Operations Management System | Device monitoring, order processing, troubleshooting |
Battery IoT Monitoring Platform | Full life cycle of battery assets |
Rider battery swap mini-program／APP | Find a cabinet, swap battery, pay, query |
Merchant mobile management terminal | Localized operations and maintenance |
The phrase "data isolation" is key for operators acting as agents: in the multi-level agent system, each agent's account and data are independent.
When coordination reaches operations, it comes down to these numbers
Once the four layers are connected, there isn't much that can be measured, but what there is is very solid. What Dochion's system reports is four numbers:
- Offline rate below 0.3%: the proportion of cabinets that go offline
- Millions of daily requests, millisecond-level response at peak: the system's concurrency capability
- Battery swap: power available in 3 seconds: under single-compartment single-control, the speed of the power-taking action
- Usually completes one battery swap within 30 seconds: the duration of one complete battery swap
Among these figures, the offline rate can be checked in device monitoring in the operations backend, you don't have to just look at the spec sheet.
How to tell whether it is true collaboration
Two questions are enough to make a rough judgment.
First, whether the central control, cabinet control, and battery terminal use the same protocol.
Second, whether the cabinet side and the cloud see the same copy of data for the same battery. Whether the voltage, temperature, and health status read by the compartment control when the battery enters the cabinet are consistent with those displayed on the cloud battery IoT platform.
Final Thoughts
The term "vehicle-battery-cabinet-cloud" is easily mistaken for a slogan. To judge whether it is real, look at two things:Whether it is the same protocol speaking, and whether it is the same data flowing. Only when both hold true can the four layers be said to work in coordination.